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V

@[has_globals]
module builtin
#insert "@VEXEROOT/vlib/builtin/prealloc_atomics.h"
fn C.v_prealloc_atomic_add_i32(ptr &int, delta int) int
fn C.v_prealloc_atomic_load_i32(ptr &int) int
fn C.v_prealloc_atomic_store_i32(ptr &int, val int) int
fn C.v_prealloc_atomic_cas_i32(ptr &int, expected int, desired int) int
// With -prealloc, V calls libc's malloc to get chunks, each at least 16MB
// in size, as needed. Once a chunk is available, all malloc() calls within
// V code, that can fit inside the chunk, will use it instead, each bumping a
// pointer, till the chunk is filled. Once a chunk is filled, a new chunk will
// be allocated by calling libc's malloc, and the process continues.
// Each new chunk has a pointer to the old one. The base arena is thread-local;
// scoped arenas can be freed earlier with `prealloc_scope_end` or transferred
// and freed later with `prealloc_scope_free_after`.
// The goal of all this is to amortize the cost of calling libc's malloc,
// trading higher memory usage for a compiler (or any single threaded batch
// mode program), for a ~8-10% speed increase.
// size of the process/thread preallocated chunk
const prealloc_block_size = 16 * 1024 * 1024
// size of the first chunk for a scoped prealloc arena. Request-scoped arenas
// should not force a 16MB libc allocation for every request.
const prealloc_scope_block_size = 256 * 1024
// `malloc` has to return memory suitably aligned for any V value. Keep the
// default at the common max alignment used by libc malloc on current targets.
const prealloc_default_align = sizeof(voidptr) * 2
__global g_memory_block &VMemoryBlock
@[heap]
struct VMemoryBlock {
mut:
current &u8 = 0 // 8
stop &u8 = 0 // 8
start &u8 = 0 // 8
previous &VMemoryBlock = 0 // 8
next &VMemoryBlock = 0 // 8
scope &VPreallocScope = 0
min_block_size isize
is_scope bool
id int // 4
mallocs int // 4
}
@[heap]
struct VPreallocScope {
mut:
previous &VMemoryBlock = 0
first &VMemoryBlock = 0
refs int
free_requested int
abandoned int
finalized int
}
fn vmemory_abort_on_nil(p voidptr, bytes isize) {
if unsafe { p == 0 } {
C.fprintf(C.stderr, c'could not allocate %td bytes\n', bytes)
exit(1)
}
}
fn vmemory_effective_align(align isize) isize {
default_align := isize(prealloc_default_align)
if align > default_align {
return align
}
return default_align
}
@[unsafe]
fn vmemory_align_up(ptr &u8, align isize) &u8 {
if align <= 1 {
return ptr
}
addr := u64(ptr)
alignment := u64(align)
offset := addr % alignment
if offset == 0 {
return ptr
}
return unsafe { &u8(i64(addr + alignment - offset)) }
}
fn vmemory_block_used(mb &VMemoryBlock) i64 {
return unsafe { i64(mb.current) - i64(mb.start) }
}
fn vmemory_block_size(mb &VMemoryBlock) i64 {
return unsafe { i64(mb.stop) - i64(mb.start) }
}
@[unsafe]
fn prealloc_trace_scope(action &char, scope &VPreallocScope) {
$if trace_prealloc ? {
if scope == unsafe { nil } {
C.fprintf(C.stderr, c'[trace_prealloc] scope %s scope=%p\n', action, scope)
return
}
unsafe {
mut blocks := 0
mut used := i64(0)
mut size := i64(0)
mut mallocs := 0
mut mb := scope.first
for mb != 0 {
blocks++
used += vmemory_block_used(mb)
size += vmemory_block_size(mb)
mallocs += mb.mallocs
mb = mb.next
}
C.fprintf(C.stderr,
c'[trace_prealloc] scope %s scope=%p previous=%p first=%p blocks=%d used=%lld size=%lld mallocs=%d\n',
action, scope, scope.previous, scope.first, blocks, used, size, mallocs)
}
}
}
@[unsafe]
fn vmemory_block_new(prev &VMemoryBlock, at_least isize, align isize) &VMemoryBlock {
return unsafe { vmemory_block_new_sized(prev, at_least, align, isize(prealloc_block_size)) }
}
@[unsafe]
fn vmemory_block_new_sized(prev &VMemoryBlock, at_least isize, align isize, min_block_size isize) &VMemoryBlock {
vmem_block_size := sizeof(VMemoryBlock)
mut v := unsafe { &VMemoryBlock(C.calloc(1, vmem_block_size)) }
vmemory_abort_on_nil(v, vmem_block_size)
if unsafe { prev != 0 } {
v.id = prev.id + 1
}
v.previous = prev
if unsafe { prev != 0 } {
prev.next = v
v.is_scope = prev.is_scope
}
effective_min_block_size := if min_block_size > 0 {
min_block_size
} else {
isize(prealloc_block_size)
}
v.min_block_size = effective_min_block_size
base_block_size := if at_least < effective_min_block_size {
effective_min_block_size
} else {
at_least
}
block_size := if align > 0 {
if base_block_size % align == 0 {
base_block_size
} else {
base_block_size + align - (base_block_size % align)
}
} else {
base_block_size
}
$if prealloc_trace_malloc ? {
C.fprintf(C.stderr,
c'vmemory_block_new id: %d, block_size: %lld, at_least: %lld, align: %lld\n', v.id,
block_size, at_least, align)
}
fixed_align := if align <= 1 { 1 } else { align }
$if windows {
v.start = unsafe { C._aligned_malloc(block_size, fixed_align) }
} $else {
if fixed_align == 1 {
v.start = unsafe { C.malloc(block_size) }
} else {
v.start = unsafe { C.aligned_alloc(fixed_align, block_size) }
}
}
vmemory_abort_on_nil(v.start, block_size)
$if prealloc_memset ? {
unsafe { C.memset(v.start, int($d('prealloc_memset_value', 0)), block_size) }
}
v.stop = unsafe { &u8(i64(v.start) + block_size) }
v.current = v.start
$if trace_prealloc ? {
if v.is_scope {
C.fprintf(C.stderr,
c'[trace_prealloc] block alloc block=%p previous=%p id=%d size=%lld at_least=%lld align=%lld start=%p stop=%p\n',
v, prev, v.id, block_size, at_least, align, v.start, v.stop)
}
}
return v
}
@[unsafe]
fn vmemory_block_malloc(n isize, align isize) &u8 {
unsafe {
// Lazy per-thread initialization: when g_memory_block is thread-local,
// new threads start with a null pointer and need their own arena.
if g_memory_block == nil {
g_memory_block = vmemory_block_new(nil, isize(prealloc_block_size), 0)
}
}
$if prealloc_trace_malloc ? {
C.fprintf(C.stderr, c'vmemory_block_malloc g_memory_block.id: %d, n: %lld align: %d\n',
g_memory_block.id, n, align)
}
unsafe {
fixed_align := vmemory_effective_align(align)
mut current := vmemory_align_up(g_memory_block.current, fixed_align)
remaining := i64(g_memory_block.stop) - i64(current)
if _unlikely_(remaining < n) {
was_scope := g_memory_block.is_scope
scope := g_memory_block.scope
min_block_size := if g_memory_block.min_block_size > 0 {
g_memory_block.min_block_size
} else {
isize(prealloc_block_size)
}
g_memory_block = vmemory_block_new_sized(g_memory_block, n, fixed_align, min_block_size)
g_memory_block.is_scope = was_scope
g_memory_block.scope = scope
current = vmemory_align_up(g_memory_block.current, fixed_align)
}
res := &u8(current)
g_memory_block.current = current
g_memory_block.current += n
$if prealloc_stats ? {
g_memory_block.mallocs++
} $else {
$if trace_prealloc ? {
g_memory_block.mallocs++
}
}
$if trace_prealloc ? {
if g_memory_block.is_scope {
used := vmemory_block_used(g_memory_block)
size := vmemory_block_size(g_memory_block)
C.fprintf(C.stderr,
c'[trace_prealloc] alloc block=%p ptr=%p size=%lld align=%lld used=%lld/%lld mallocs=%d\n',
g_memory_block, res, n, fixed_align, used, size, g_memory_block.mallocs)
}
}
return res
}
}
@[unsafe]
fn vmemory_block_free(mb &VMemoryBlock) {
$if trace_prealloc ? {
if mb.is_scope {
C.fprintf(C.stderr,
c'[trace_prealloc] block free block=%p id=%d start=%p used=%lld size=%lld mallocs=%d\n',
mb, mb.id, mb.start, vmemory_block_used(mb), vmemory_block_size(mb), mb.mallocs)
}
}
$if windows {
// Warning! On windows, we always use _aligned_free to free memory.
C._aligned_free(mb.start)
} $else {
C.free(mb.start)
}
C.free(mb)
}
@[unsafe]
fn vmemory_block_free_after(marker &VMemoryBlock) {
if marker == unsafe { nil } {
return
}
unsafe {
mut mb := marker.next
marker.next = nil
vmemory_block_free_chain(mb)
}
}
@[unsafe]
fn vmemory_block_free_chain(first &VMemoryBlock) {
unsafe {
mut mb := first
for mb != 0 {
next := mb.next
vmemory_block_free(mb)
mb = next
}
}
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////
@[unsafe]
fn prealloc_vinit() {
$if prealloc_trace_vinit ? {
C.fprintf(C.stderr, c'prealloc_vinit started\n')
}
unsafe {
g_memory_block = vmemory_block_new(nil, isize(prealloc_block_size), 0)
at_exit(prealloc_vcleanup) or {}
}
}
@[unsafe]
fn prealloc_vcleanup() {
$if prealloc_trace_vcleanup ? {
C.fprintf(C.stderr, c'prealloc_vcleanup started\n')
}
$if prealloc_stats ? {
// Note: we do 2 loops here, because string interpolation
// in the first loop may still use g_memory_block
// The second loop however should *not* allocate at all.
mut nr_mallocs := i64(0)
mut total_used := i64(0)
mut mb := g_memory_block
for unsafe { mb != 0 } {
nr_mallocs += mb.mallocs
used := i64(mb.current) - i64(mb.start)
total_used += used
remaining := i64(mb.stop) - i64(mb.current)
size := i64(mb.stop) - i64(mb.start)
C.fprintf(C.stderr,
c'> freeing mb: %16p, mb.id: %3d | size: %10lld | rem: %10lld | start: %16p | current: %16p | used: %10lld bytes | mallocs: %6d\n',
mb, mb.id, size, remaining, mb.start, mb.current, used, mb.mallocs)
mb = mb.previous
}
C.fprintf(C.stderr, c'> nr_mallocs: %lld, total_used: %lld bytes\n', nr_mallocs, total_used)
}
$if prealloc_dump ? {
C.fprintf(C.stderr, c'prealloc_vcleanup dumping memory contents ...\n')
mut start := g_memory_block
unsafe {
for start.previous != 0 {
start = start.previous
}
C.fprintf(C.stderr, c'prealloc_vcleanup start: %p\n', start)
C.fprintf(C.stderr, c'prealloc_vcleanup start.id: %d\n', start.id)
C.fprintf(C.stderr, c'prealloc_vcleanup start.next: %p\n', start.next)
mut total_used := u64(0)
path := $d('memdumpfile', 'memdump.bin')
C.fprintf(C.stderr, c'prealloc_vcleanup dumping process memory to path: %s\n', path.str)
stream := C.fopen(path.str, c'wb')
mut mb := start
for {
used := u64(mb.current) - u64(mb.start)
total_used += used
C.fprintf(C.stderr,
c'prealloc_vcleanup dumping mb: %p, mb.id: %d, used: %10lld bytes\n', mb,
mb.id, used)
mut ptr := mb.start
mut remaining_bytes := isize(used)
mut x := isize(0)
for remaining_bytes > 0 {
x = isize(C.fwrite(ptr, 1, remaining_bytes, stream))
ptr += x
remaining_bytes -= x
}
if mb.next == 0 {
break
}
mb = mb.next
}
C.fclose(stream)
C.fprintf(C.stderr, c'prealloc_vcleanup total dump size in bytes: %lld\n', total_used)
}
}
unsafe {
for g_memory_block != 0 {
$if windows {
// Warning! On windows, we always use _aligned_free to free memory.
C._aligned_free(g_memory_block.start)
} $else {
C.free(g_memory_block.start)
}
tmp := g_memory_block
g_memory_block = g_memory_block.previous
// free the link node
C.free(tmp)
}
}
}
// prealloc_scope_begin starts a nested arena on the current thread. All V
// allocations after this call use the nested arena until `prealloc_scope_end`.
// The returned scope can be passed across threads and later freed with
// `prealloc_scope_free_after`, which is useful when a response buffer outlives
// the request handler thread.
@[unsafe]
pub fn prealloc_scope_begin() voidptr {
unsafe {
scope := &VPreallocScope(C.calloc(1, sizeof(VPreallocScope)))
vmemory_abort_on_nil(scope, sizeof(VPreallocScope))
scope.previous = g_memory_block
scope.first = vmemory_block_new_sized(scope.previous, isize(prealloc_scope_block_size), 0,
isize(prealloc_scope_block_size))
scope.first.is_scope = true
scope.first.scope = scope
g_memory_block = scope.first
prealloc_trace_scope(c'begin', scope)
return scope
}
}
@[unsafe]
pub fn prealloc_scope_checkpoint(label &char) {
$if trace_prealloc ? {
unsafe {
if g_memory_block == 0 || !g_memory_block.is_scope {
return
}
mut blocks := 0
mut used := i64(0)
mut size := i64(0)
mut mallocs := 0
mut first := g_memory_block
for first.previous != 0 && first.previous.is_scope {
first = first.previous
}
mut mb := first
for mb != 0 {
blocks++
used += vmemory_block_used(mb)
size += vmemory_block_size(mb)
mallocs += mb.mallocs
mb = mb.next
}
C.fprintf(C.stderr,
c'[trace_prealloc] checkpoint label=%s first=%p current=%p blocks=%d used=%lld size=%lld mallocs=%d\n',
label, first, g_memory_block, blocks, used, size, mallocs)
}
}
}
@[unsafe]
fn prealloc_scope_free_blocks(scope &VPreallocScope) {
if scope == unsafe { nil } {
return
}
unsafe {
if scope.previous != 0 {
scope.previous.next = nil
}
vmemory_block_free_chain(scope.first)
}
}
@[unsafe]
fn prealloc_scope_request_free(scope &VPreallocScope, abandoned bool) {
if scope == unsafe { nil } {
return
}
unsafe {
if abandoned {
C.v_prealloc_atomic_store_i32(&scope.abandoned, 1)
}
C.v_prealloc_atomic_store_i32(&scope.free_requested, 1)
prealloc_scope_finish_if_ready(scope)
}
}
@[unsafe]
fn prealloc_scope_finish_if_ready(scope &VPreallocScope) {
if scope == unsafe { nil } {
return
}
unsafe {
if C.v_prealloc_atomic_load_i32(&scope.free_requested) == 0 {
return
}
if C.v_prealloc_atomic_load_i32(&scope.refs) != 0 {
return
}
if C.v_prealloc_atomic_cas_i32(&scope.finalized, 0, 1) == 0 {
return
}
if C.v_prealloc_atomic_load_i32(&scope.abandoned) == 0 {
prealloc_scope_free_blocks(scope)
}
C.free(scope)
}
}
@[unsafe]
fn prealloc_scope_detach_current(scope &VPreallocScope) {
if scope == unsafe { nil } {
return
}
unsafe {
previous := scope.previous
if previous != 0 {
previous.next = nil
}
if g_memory_block != 0 && g_memory_block.is_scope && g_memory_block.scope == scope {
g_memory_block = previous
}
scope.previous = nil
}
}
// prealloc_scope_retain_current keeps the current scoped arena alive after the
// owner calls `prealloc_scope_end`/`prealloc_scope_free_after`. It is used by
// generated `spawn` wrappers so detached threads can safely receive arguments
// allocated in a request arena.
@[unsafe]
pub fn prealloc_scope_retain_current() voidptr {
$if prealloc {
unsafe {
if g_memory_block == 0 || !g_memory_block.is_scope || g_memory_block.scope == 0 {
return nil
}
scope := g_memory_block.scope
C.v_prealloc_atomic_add_i32(&scope.refs, 1)
$if trace_prealloc ? {
prealloc_trace_scope(c'retain', scope)
}
return scope
}
} $else {
return unsafe { nil }
}
}
@[unsafe]
pub fn prealloc_scope_release(scope_ptr voidptr) {
$if prealloc {
if scope_ptr == unsafe { nil } {
return
}
unsafe {
scope := &VPreallocScope(scope_ptr)
C.v_prealloc_atomic_add_i32(&scope.refs, -1)
$if trace_prealloc ? {
prealloc_trace_scope(c'release', scope)
}
prealloc_scope_finish_if_ready(scope)
}
}
}
// prealloc_scope_end frees a nested arena and restores the current thread arena
// to the state before `prealloc_scope_begin`.
@[unsafe]
pub fn prealloc_scope_end(scope_ptr voidptr) {
if scope_ptr == unsafe { nil } {
return
}
unsafe {
scope := &VPreallocScope(scope_ptr)
prealloc_trace_scope(c'end', scope)
prealloc_scope_detach_current(scope)
prealloc_scope_request_free(scope, false)
}
}
// prealloc_scope_leave restores the current thread arena without freeing the
// scoped blocks. Call this before another thread takes ownership of the scope.
@[unsafe]
pub fn prealloc_scope_leave(scope_ptr voidptr) {
if scope_ptr == unsafe { nil } {
return
}
unsafe {
scope := &VPreallocScope(scope_ptr)
prealloc_trace_scope(c'leave', scope)
prealloc_scope_detach_current(scope)
}
}
// prealloc_scope_abandon restores the current thread arena and intentionally
// leaks the scoped blocks. It is only for APIs that transfer request state to
// user code without providing a close hook yet.
@[unsafe]
pub fn prealloc_scope_abandon(scope_ptr voidptr) {
if scope_ptr == unsafe { nil } {
return
}
unsafe {
scope := &VPreallocScope(scope_ptr)
prealloc_trace_scope(c'abandon', scope)
prealloc_scope_leave(scope_ptr)
prealloc_scope_request_free(scope, true)
}
}
// prealloc_scope_free_after frees a nested arena from a marker without touching
// the caller's thread-local arena pointer. Use this when another thread finishes
// sending data that was allocated in the request thread.
@[unsafe]
pub fn prealloc_scope_free_after(scope_ptr voidptr) {
if scope_ptr == unsafe { nil } {
return
}
unsafe {
scope := &VPreallocScope(scope_ptr)
prealloc_trace_scope(c'free-after', scope)
prealloc_scope_request_free(scope, false)
}
}
@[unsafe]
fn prealloc_malloc(n isize) &u8 {
return unsafe { vmemory_block_malloc(n, 0) }
}
@[unsafe]
fn prealloc_realloc(old_data &u8, old_size isize, new_size isize) &u8 {
new_ptr := unsafe { vmemory_block_malloc(new_size, 0) }
min_size := if old_size < new_size { old_size } else { new_size }
unsafe { C.memcpy(new_ptr, old_data, min_size) }
return new_ptr
}
@[unsafe]
fn prealloc_calloc(n isize) &u8 {
new_ptr := unsafe { vmemory_block_malloc(n, 0) }
unsafe { C.memset(new_ptr, 0, n) }
return new_ptr
}
@[unsafe]
fn prealloc_malloc_align(n isize, align isize) &u8 {
return unsafe { vmemory_block_malloc(n, align) }
}